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More than a thousand pro-Palestine protesters stormed a Russian airport on Sunday evening after rumours swirled that “Israeli refugees” were arriving from Tel Aviv. The group stormed into the Makhachkala airport, located in the Republic of Dagestan, and rushed onto the landing field, chanting antisemitic slogans and seeking passengers arriving on the Tel Aviv flight, Russian news agencies and social media reported. Authorities quickly closed the airport in the capital of the predominantly Muslim region and police converged on the facility. Dagestan’s ministry of health said more than 20 people were injured, with two in critical condition. It said the injured included police officers and civilians. The local leader has since blamed Ukraine - he claimed he had “reliable information” that the rumours of refugees was started by a Telegram channel outside of Russia - but has not provided any evidence. Here is everything we know about what the Russian authorities are calling a riot. 7pm: Crowds gather in the car park of the airport Tensions arose when, the previous day, a local Telegram channel with more than 64,000 followers claimed that Israeli refugees were staying at a hotel inland near the border with Chechnya. They called for demonstrations in the centre of the Makhachkala, managing to encourage only small crowds to attend. Planned demonstrations for a second day, this time at the airport, escalated after the channel posted a screenshot from a flight tracker showing a Russian plane descending across the Georgian border into Dagestan. The screenshot was posted at 6.56pm local time (3.56pm GMT). Demonstrators had already gathered outside the airport prior to this message. The Independent has reviewed the flight history of (Red Wings) RWZ4728 and can confirm that it did arrive from Tel Aviv. It arrived in Makhachkala just after 7.15pm local time. At 7.01pm, the channel wrote: “Everyone to the airport!” 8.10pm: Someone surrounded and accosted by the swelling crowd A video emerged of a crowd of men surrounding someone they suspect of being from Israel. The channel that had called for the demonstration had urged the crowds to check the passports of those leaving the airport. “Every car must be followed by our car - we must identify everyone,” it wrote. In the video, the suspected Israeli’s passport is flicked through as others film the ordeal. Images show a woman holding a sign nearby that reads: “We are against Jewish refugees.” Videos showed the group shouting: “Death to the Zionists.” 8.20pm: The crowd storms the airport Just after 8.20pm, the first videos emerged of the protesters inside the airport. They appear to have stormed the entrance to the international terminal, from where they had moved after gathering in the car park. At 8.25pm, the channel urged people to return to the car park. They wrote: “Attention! Brothers! What we have done so far is enough! Just go back to the exit and be there checking the cars! “There is no need to engage in vandalism!!! Tell everyone on the spot!” This appeared to have no effect on the crowd. Five minutes later, they could be seen attempting to kick down a fence to the side of the terminal. The channel posted this video alongside the caption: “This is unnecessary! Come back to inspect every car!” It then abruptly stops publishing footage of the incident before authorities temporarily shut it down. A group of Dagestani men are seen inside the terminal at 8.30pm, according to footage posted by another channel. Fifteen minutes later, the crowds are seen running through the airport, towards the runway. 9pm: Crowds reach the runway The first videos of the protesters on the runway emerged just after 9pm. One video, taken from the stairs up to the back entrance of a nearby plane, shows a few demonstrators running around the parked planes looking for flight RWZ4728. At the airport car park, where crowds continue to swell, riot police equipped with shields arrive and begin to circle the group. 9.10pm: Airport runway is closed Local media reports suggest the Makhachkala airport authorities closed their runway just after 9pm. 9.20pm: Crowds reach a Red Wing plane A portion of the crowds, now being labelled rioters by the local authorities, surround a flight they believe to be RWZ4728. It is unclear if it is the exact flight that left Tel Aviv earlier that day, but it is a Red Wings flight, and only one RW flight travelled from Israel to Dagestan that day. Russian media reports suggested that the flight from Tel Aviv was only connecting at Makhachkala before heading to Moscow, but the flight did not leave Dagestan, according to flight tracking information. 10pm: Rioters start fighting with police Minister of National Policy of Dagestan Enrik Muslimov arrives at the airport, according to local reports. One Russian state media outlet wrote: “Now the crowd has been pushed out of the runway, and almost everyone has been removed from the airport building.” Outside the building, footage shows rioters rocking a police vehicle. The Investigative Committee of Russia for the Republic of Dagestan announces it has formally opened a criminal case for organising mass riots (212 Criminal Code) Video later emerges of rioters being arrested under the Red Wings plane. It is unclear when these detentions took place. 11.30pm: Crowds start throwing rocks at security officials Videos emerge of rioters throwing stones at security officials guarding the resecured fences. There are various reports of gunfire. Footage then emerges of hundreds of rioters marching along the runway. It is unclear what time this videos were taken. According to one local state media outlet, a passenger blocked at the airport reported “riot police, military, protesters, all in a heap”. According to another outlet, about 500 police officers were sent to Makhachkala airport to contain the riots. The word “pogrom”, a reference to the killing of Jewish civilians, is appearing in multiple Russian reports of the riots at Makhachkala. Midnight: Dagestan head calls for deescalation The head of the Republic of Dagestan, Sergei Melikov, laments the situation in Gaza facing Palestinians but calls for de-escalation in Makhachkala. A military chief from Chechnya makes a similar statement. Melikov wrote: “All Dagestanis empathise with the suffering of victims of the actions of unrighteous people and politicians and pray for peace in Palestine. “But what happened at our airport is outrageous and should receive an appropriate assessment from law enforcement agencies! And this will definitely be done!” 2am: Airport cleared, injuries sustained The local health ministry says roughly 20 people are injured, including at least two security officials. At least 60 people are detained and 150 rioters are identified as the main perpetrators. Crowds are then dispersed while local authorities remain at the airport. The response Mr Melikov, during a press conference, blamed the riots on Ukraine without providing evidence. “Attempts to destabilise the situation in Dagestan, including using prohibited methods associated with inciting ethnic hatred, are being carried out by our enemies, opponents of our country,” he said. “Today we have received absolutely reliable information that the channel ‘Morning of Dagestan’ is administered and regulated from the territory of Ukraine - by traitors, Banderaites.” Ukrainian President Volodymy Zelensky responded on Monday morning, pointing to Russian antisemitism. “This is not an isolated incident in Makhachkala, but rather part of Russia’s widespread culture of hatred toward other nations, which is propagated by state television, pundits, and authorities,” he said. “Russian antisemitism and hatred toward other nations are systemic and deeply rooted. Hatred is what drives aggression and terror. We must all work together to oppose hatred.” You can read a full breakdown of the response here. Read More Sunak chairs Cobra meeting as police chief says terror threat ‘accelerating’ Jewish people in UK experiencing fearful time, says minister Biden wants to move fast on AI safeguards and will sign an executive order to address his concerns Live updates | Israel deepens military assault in the northern Gaza Strip Israel expands ground assault into Gaza as fears rise over airstrikes near crowded hospitals Cornell University sends police to Jewish center after violent, antisemitic messages posted online

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Some of the world’s most celebrated wines – and the historic cultures of the communities which produce them – are under threat, scientists have warned. The harvesting of grapes on steep slopes is known as “heroic” viticulture – named so for the difficulty in producing fruitful harvests on such challenging terrain, typically without the use of mechanised tools, and many such vineyards across Europe have been designated Unesco world heritage sites. But researchers have warned that farmers and scientists must work together to protect this centuries-old tradition in the likes of Italy, Spain and Portugal, where climate change is threatening to disrupt the delicate equilibrium cultivated and maintained for generations. Scientists set out their concerns in a paper last month published in the journal iScience, warning that soil degradation and drought – such as those which devastated swathes of Europe last year – are the most worrying risks posed by climate change. Furthermore, the researchers from the University of Padova warned of a simultaneous threat posed by the “rural exodus and a gradual abandonment of mountain landscapes” which have “characterised” the past 50 years. “The new generation is not attracted to continue working under extreme conditions if economic benefits are insignificant,” they wrote, and warned that the technological modernisation of society is “degrading” the rural cultural background of previous generations. “The risk is not only losing an agricultural product or seeing a landscape change, negatively impacting the local economy,” said lead author Dr Paolo Tarolli and his co-writers. “The risk is losing entire communities’ history and their cultural roots.” Vineyards are considered “heroic viticulture” sites if they have a slope steeper than 30 percent, are located on small islands or at an altitude higher than 500 metres above sea level, or if they incorporate vines grown on terraces – conditions key to developing the wines’ prized flavours. Some of the most famous examples include the Prosecco Hills of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene, Portugal’s Alto Douro region, and the Spanish Canary Islands. The increased frequency of weather extremes driven by climate change accelerates soil degradation, the researchers warned, pointing to the ability of intense rainfall to “quickly trigger slope failures” without optimum water conservation processes. Meanwhile, prolonged droughts can threaten already difficult and costly irrigation processes on such slopes. “The key to success lies in combining the traditional knowledge of winemakers with innovation and scientific rigor,” the researchers said. “In this way, farms can work closely with scientists to optimise investments for a more functional, sustainable, and safe agricultural landscape – a winning alliance to face these diverse natural and anthropogenic challenges.” The warning came just days after researchers at the University of East Anglia and London School of Economics suggested that climate change is likely to increase the potential for UK wine production over the next two decades. Wine growing conditions in parts of the UK could grow to resemble those in famous growing regions of France and Germany, they suggested, with new areas in England and Wales finding they are able to grow varieties rarely found at present, including still pinot noir, sauvignon blanc and riesling. But, the study published in the journal OENO One also warned that British weather will remain unpredictable, and that producers will therefore need to remain “agile”. Read More Why climate change could be good news for UK wine ‘A new way of looking at whisky’: The rise of English distilleries Independent Wine Club fair weather friends: Wines for summer sipping Follow your tastebuds to find the hidden Algarve, a foodie’s paradise far from the madding crowd

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